Termites can be a homeowner's nightmare. They feed on wood, often leading to structural damage in homes. While many termite species in the U.S. infest structures, some termite species in Africa, South America, and Australia create their homes by constructing above-ground mounds out of a combination of soil, saliva, and excrement. Termite mounds have an intricate internal design that ensures climate control within the colony. The size and appearance of termite mounds, also called nests, can significantly vary depending on the species of termite and the climate.

How termites build their nests

Worker termites are responsible for constructing termite mounds, which can take several years to complete. These mounds are built to withstand harsh environmental conditions and have a series of tunnels for airflow and traveling while foraging for food.

The interior of the termite nest contains a carefully organized network of tunnels and chambers specifically designed to control temperature and humidity, which is crucial for the colony's survival. The mound is divided into various levels, each with a specific function: the lower levels are usually used for cultivating fungi (their food source) and raising the young, while the upper sections house the termite queen and function as a ventilation system, allowing air to flow through the mound to maintain an optimal internal environment.

Large termite mound

Why do termites build such large mounds?

Termites live in colonies and build large mounds to help control the environment inside their homes, keeping it at just the right temperature and humidity for themselves and the fungi they live with. These termite mounds are designed with air passages and ports that act like chimneys, allowing air to flow in and out, which help eliminate excess heat and brings in fresh air. This is crucial for their survival, especially in varying climates. In hot savannahs, these termite nests are tall and thin for better air circulation and cooling, while in shaded forests, they're shorter but thicker to retain warmth.

What do termite nests look like on a house or in a yard?

In the United States, termite nests are typically found underground or within the wood they infest, which is very different from the termite mounds built by their relatives in other parts of the world. Subterranean termites construct their colonies beneath the soil, creating extensive networks of mud tubes, while drywood and dampwood termites infest wood directly, residing within the structures they consume. Due to the often concealed nature of these termite nests, detecting an infestation requires a keen eye and professional inspection and treatment as needed to prevent costly structural damage.

Termite mounds in the ecosystem

Termites are ecosystem engineers, silently shaping the landscapes they inhabit. Termite mounds house massive termite colonies and improve soil health by promoting aeration and nutrient cycling. The mound's intricate network helps foster a diverse community of microbes that can benefit the surrounding plant life. Researchers have been studying termite nests to learn how their natural temperature and airflow regulation can inspire more sustainable architectural designs, potentially reducing the need for conventional heating and cooling systems.

Schedule a termite inspection today if you need help dealing with termites!